Economics

The halving

Every four years, the flow of new bitcoin is cut in half. Permanently.

In plain words

Every 210,000 blocks — about four years — the flow of new bitcoin is cut in half. It began at 50 coins per block in 2009. Today: 3.125. The schedule is written into rules every node enforces. It does not read the news. It does not take meetings. Around 2140, new coins stop entirely.

Why it matters

  • The opposite of central banking: supply tightens on schedule, expands for no one.
  • It pushes mining toward fees, away from new coins.
  • The most-watched event on Bitcoin's calendar.

Numbers that matter

  • 50 → 25 → 12.5 → 6.25 → 3.125 — the reward so far, 2009–2024.
  • 210,000 blocks — the interval, about four years.
  • ~2028 — the next one.

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Updated 2026-07-29